Исследования отдельных жанров

The article presents the results of a study of the genre parameters of the preamble to the Constitution of the Russian Federation and preambles to the constitutions of the republics that are part of the Russian Federation. The following aspects are considered as genre parameters (genre­forming factors): (a) rele­vance to the text of a law of a certain sub-­genre type. (b) subject matter. (c) communicative func­tions. (d) subject composition (images of the author, addressor and addressee). (e) spatio­-temporal and other circumstantial characteristics.

The article deals with some aspects of a metaphorical understanding of the concept of “family” in Kazakh culture. The study is based on the material of the texts of Kazakh wedding toasts. This variety of the speech genre of the toast is characterized by typification and variability, determined by conventional language norms and norms of speech communication.

The article supports the thesis about the relevant socio-­semiotic positioning of T­-shirt-­legends in the system of modern mass communication and the con­sequently resulting legitimacy of their investigation as a specific class of research objects of language theory and discourse analysis. The author argues that texts under examination are marked in two ways as manifestations of genre and functional consistency in socio­-communicative practices.

The paper focuses on the problem of genre­-style in­competence of students, its linguistic and sociocultural reasons. This article is aimed at establishing the stylis­tic nature of a new genre of a review­-postcard. The results of the stylistic analysis show a certain contra­diction between theoretical ideas about the genre of the review­-postcard and its real embodiment in the students’ works submitted to the contest of pedagogi­cal reviews-­postcards for a modern children’s book.

The research deals with the taboo as a traditional speech genre, which is a prominent part of the contem­porary system of speech genres. The taboo as a speech and partly folklore genre is based on the system of beliefs passed down from generation to generation, and ensures compliance with certain rules of behav­ior, first of all – preventing actions which, according to the traditional world view, can harm the violator.

The article describes the genre of public apology in the diachronic and synchronic aspects. The data from different types of discourse serve as the material for the analysis: belles­lettres, nonconformist, judicial, political, mass­-media. The method of discourse analysis was the leading one while analyzing the functioning of public apology in various types of interaction. The method of contextual study of communicative situation was also applied.

The article deals with gender aspects in the use of English selfmentions – phrases containing first person pronouns and possessive adjectives (I, we, me, us, my, our). The research is based on TED talks given by men and women, experts in different areas of expertise (medicine, psychology, politics, business, and neuroscience). Selfmentions are directly oriented to the image of the author and reflect the subjective-modal side of communication.

The author of the article understands object clauses as a semantic type of sentences with a set of different ways of expressing semantics: polypredicative subordinate clauses, asyndetic clauses, monopredicative clauses, clauses with parenthesis. It is suggested that the set of constructions used in academic discourse depends on the genre of the academic text. The genres of article abstracts and thesis summaries as secondary texts (texts about texts) were chosen as a material for a comparative study.

The article presents the results of a study of the functional, formal and substantive features of the texts of Russian laws, which approve program-goal docments (development strategies, concepts, programs, forecast plans, etc.). The article is based on discourse and genre approaches to the study of legislative texts, the legislative text space as a whole. It is noted that, on the one hand, this type of laws reflects the general features of modeling and transроforming of modern legal discourse. reproduces the institutional aspects of the legislative process.

The article studies the “communicative sabotage” speech genre as a possible way of reacting to criticism in the response utterances of the presidents of Russia and the USA, V. V. Putin and B. Obama. The internal genre tactics of communicative sabotage are considered in relation to Grice’s Cooperative Principles. Both approaches are perceived as complementary in relation to each other, which allows to get a holistic perception of deviations from norms of interpersonal communication.