Исследования отдельных жанров

The article is devoted to the genre qualifications of oral professional dialogue, which is a little-known variety of informal verbal interaction among specialists. It is argued that professional communication, as opposed to other kinds of communication, is included in the context of professional activity, which is characterized by purposefulness, effectiveness and public significance.

The article is devoted to the urban speech practices of the early twenty-first century in inofficial and semi-official spheres. The following basic terms are offered: indicators of everyday oral colloquial speech, informative level, interactivity, colloquial genre. The analysis of collected material has shown that at speech interaction "at home" the model «the speaking subject-a situation-a subject of the speech-listening» comes up. at «outdoors» interation, the model «speaking subject – situation – listener» model prevails.

The article is devoted to professionally oriented teaching of the Russian language. Particular attention is given to dialogue as the main speech genre for students of a medical universities. The dialogue helps the doctor conducts an anamnesis, or a patient interview for the diagnosis. Anamnesis collection is a professional dialogue-inquiry. There are three styles of speech: oral colloquial speech, oral business and oral scientific speech. This is specificity and complexity during the study.

Based on dictaphone recordings, the article investigates some peculiarities of oral scientific speech of postgraduate technical students, emphasizing its significant features (informational and pre-made content, its official and monological character, means of direct adress) and highlighting the role of pragmatics (extralinguistic factors). On the basis of the experiment, it is proved that the story about academic research might be considered as a special scientific speech genre with some traits of popular science and educational variety of it.

The article examines the peculiarities of the oral news genre with special emphasis on meaningful differences from its written form. Apart from the speech pattern, the reported features are determined by the limitations of the addressee’s perception under the conditions of the formal remote communication. It is highlighted that the journalist most often doesn’t know these socalled “pitfalls” or simply is not paying attention to them at the moment of speaking. Each of these “pitfalls” is studied in detail.

The article presents one of the scientific text meaning components – the beginning, or introduction, which introduces the text content comprehension. groups of introductions differentiated on basis of scientific and cognitive author’s attitude are described. quantitative comparison of introductions from observed groups, taken from the articles that are published in the selected works of famous scientists R. Jakobson, L. V. Scherba, B. A. Larin and in the collection of articles of 2011 and 2016, is presented.

The article deals with value-marked personal narratives about funny incidents as a genre of comic discourse. In contrast with other genres of comic discourse these narratives are presented as event messages that have happened with the narrator or with people known to him. The comical essence of such stories consists in a combination of incompatible positions, the first one shows an event as a real, matter-offact habitual state of affairs, whereas the second one describes it as a fantastic, pathetical or stereotyped reality.

Russian frankness in a linguocultural aspect has been researched by some Russian linguists, such as E. M. Vereschagin, V. V. Dementyev, etc. A vast list of literature referred to this issue can be found in the dissertation of M. M. Naumova. The article suggests considering frankness as one of the constants of Russian linguoculture through the speech genre of refusal. The above mentioned genre is a large communicative phenomenon. Categorical refusal is a speech genre which requires frankness leading to effective communication.

The article deals with the use of metaphors in the context of speech genres of emotional impact on the addressee. The theoretical substantiation of these genres with the description of their features and means of realizing the speaker’s intent are presented, taking into account whether the desired emotional impact is positive or negative.

The article deals with the controversial problem of  variability in the speech genre. Briefly, different approaches to understanding the variant in linguistic literature are highlighted. On the example of comparison of well-studied appeal genres in political discourse and slogan in the advertising discourse, they are offered an understanding of them as variants of one genre. The authors’ point of view is justified by the coincidence of the communicative goal (illocutionary function) and a minor modification of other genre-forming features.