speech genres

In the article the aspects of the problem of indirect communication in linguistics of the last ten years have been discussed. A brief overview of the state of modern linguistics and its place in the problems of indirect communication has been provided. The main directions of recent research on this issue have been presented, as well as the types and aspects of indirect communication that had not become the object of attention of linguists.

Research is made of different means of name calling. Under examination is derogatory attitudes between German and Russian vocabularies.  Close connections are established between the  body,  waste and moral qualities of the person. These relations are nationally specific, which allows one to define a number of ethnic preferences characteristic of the nations analyzed.

The article deals with the functioning of maxims in colloquial discourse, their considerable number, peculiarities of the essence and form, i.e. thematic preferences and aesthetic means of maxims (metaphors, personification). The author puts emphasis on the impact of fiction works on colloquial discourse reflected in some models of maxims in a form of reasoning.

The article is devoted to a concise analysis of correlation between language, culture, linguo-culture, mind, communication and community, that are regarded as part and parcel of some indivisible unity which is in focus of nowadays researches of integrative character. The speech genres are analysed in the paper through the prism of the unity in question

This study analyzes the peculiarities and genre organization of the drama discourse The text of drama is viewed as a hyper-genre determining conceptual, aesthetic and communicative space in which all the characters act as language personalities. Speech-genre competence of characters or language personalities performing life-like roles (among them professional ones) determines their inclusion in some new hyper-genre.

At present the problem of genristics attracts attention of a considerable number of philologists. Among other things, a separate problem arises, that of widening or narrowing of the notion of genre as a concept. The author considers it advisable to include blasphemy in the wider field of a genre, as blasphemy presumes an intention to declare the atheist stand of the speaker and, simultaneously, to discredit the position of the opponent.

The article is devoted to the description of lexeme «truth» functioning features entering different speech genres. The word «truth» is referred to the group of discourse words providing speech coherence, reflecting the process of interaction between the speaker and listener, as well as conveying attitude of the speaker to what has been said. The study considers broad understanding of discourse words as structural components of the speech genre that realize illocutionary functions and are associated with speech steps of the speaker in the creation of genre.

The possibility of speech genristic approach to non-verbal communication is discussed in the article. Traditionally, only verbal forms of sentences are regarded as speech genres. However, the contemporary theory of speech communication differenciates  verbal and non-verbal speech. Therefore,  the speech genres may be non-verbal too, that is well traced in nowadays speech interaction, mainly on the level of everyday communication.

F. de Saussure determined rigid limits of priorities in linguistics and separated language from speech that has no system in his opinion. M. M. Bakhtin in his work «The Problem of Speech Genres» accepted the differentiation of language and speech (utterance in his system of terms) unlike V. N. Voloshinov but he considered the concentration on the problems of language insufficient and the study of speech necessary. In the field of speech he singled out the most stable component – speech genres that are set to speakers together with language.

The research is devoted to the consideration of mockery as a contemporary communicative phenomenon. The article describes trends of the modification in the genre mass media field, a characterization of some sociocultural background and preconditions of mockery’s origin is discussed, two variants of mockery – intellectual and marginal – are distinguished. Mockery as a sociocultural phenomenon appears as a result of carnivalization, critical evaluation and parody, which are based on the means of the comic – irony, satire, sarcasm.