One of the open challenges of modern genre studies is the problem associated with the description of dialogical speech genres. Despite the existence of a significant number of linguistic papers dealing with the description of various dialogical genres, there is an urgent need for developing an ultimate methodology for describing dialogical speech genres as units of dialogical speech in modern genre studies. The urgency of the research is determined by its inclusion in the problematic field of speech genre studies. The novelty of the research refers to the presentation of dialogical speech genres as a type (model) of utterance, generated by multi-lingual activity and characterized by the invariant and variant features defining their text production. The invariant features define the core of the genre canon – a mental scheme of the genre reflected in the genre consciousness of a native speaker. The variant features of the speech genre are connected with the diversity of the genre canon, associated with the actualization of the genre in a particular sphere of communication and the sphere of social consciousness manifestation. At the same time, among the invariant features of the dialogical genre we point out the intentionality of the subjects of dialogical communication, the metalinguistic and structural methods of organizing a typical utterance, its theme and the quality of interpersonal relations between the communicators. The approach to the description of dialogical speech genres suggested in the article is based on the comprehension of the priority of the whole in relation to its parts. It is holistic by nature. The research was performed by the analytical-descriptive method and the modeling method.