This article presents modern scientific paradigm developed in Russia at the turn of XX–XXI centuries. The author observes its main characteristics – integrative and holistic character. These are believed to be presupposed by a range of external and internal factors. The author also suggests a new stage in the development of scientific thought – the stage of neo-post-positivism, which corresponds to post-nonclassicism within the framework of the philosophy of science, and formulates some of its postulates as well.